Health and Safety

Cameco works in challenging physical environments and with a product that requires special attention and care. It’s our responsibility to keep the occupational health and safety risks associated with our business at levels as low as reasonably achievable, and to send our employees and contractors home safely at the end of their shift or work rotation.

Challenges

Working in difficult environments and handling radioactive materials brings special challenges to our business. Our main challenges include:

Emergency preparation – Most of our mining activities take place in remote locations in northern Saskatchewan that are far from urban centres and aren’t served by first responders, like firefighters and paramedics. This means we have to manage most of our own primary emergency response needs. As well, our facilities in Ontario are in urban areas, meaning we have to work closely with first responders to ensure they are fully prepared to deal with potential emergencies.

Mining environments – Mines aren’t static environments, so our working conditions and related safety challenges change, depending on things like ore grade, mine depth and geological conditions.

Protecting people from radiation and hazardous materials – Our facilities present the additional challenge of radiation safety – how to protect workers from exposure to gamma radiation, radon progeny and long-lived radioactive dust. High-grade uranium ore deposits, like the ones we mine in northern Saskatchewan, require added diligence to manage risks. Workers at our conversion and fuel manufacturing facilities also receive specialized training in the safe handling of radioactive and other hazardous materials.

Working safely requires hard work and persistence – Making sure employees and contractors follow all safety protocols and procedures carefully and consistently, no matter what, is a big challenge at any mine or industrial site. Employees may be new, or may underestimate how important it is to follow safety protocols and procedures fully. Training is an important part of the process to ensure workers understand how to work safely. The health and safety measures at Cameco operations are applied to all personnel, regardless of whether they are contractors or employees.

Taking Action

Safety is the first priority at Cameco and we have implemented many programs and systems to ensure the safety and health of all our workers.

Health and safety management systems – we have a robust management system based on a policy that articulates senior management’s expectations for a safe and healthy workplace and put into action by supporting programs, standards and procedures to ensure supervisors and workers know how to work safely.

Audits – regulatory agencies perform audits and inspections of our sites and safety systems at a minimum on an annual basis. We also complete our own internal audits on a set schedule that covers all aspects of our safety systems over a three-year period. Results and recommendations are presented to senior management, who are responsible for implementing them and correcting any deficiencies.

Contractor safety – we manage our contractors to ensure they work safely and meet the same standards and requirements as Cameco employees.

Employee and contractor testing and training – many of our employees require specialized training and certification. For example, all employees and contractors who are exposed to radiation as a routine part of their job must receive specific training and additional monitoring. Cameco’s radiation safety training typically includes orientation, basic radiation protection, and supervisor training and, as applicable, in-depth training for radiation technicians and engineering staff. Many of our employees also have emergency response responsibilities, and are trained to administer first aid and to deal with fires and incidents involving hazardous substances. To ensure public and employee safety, we require a specific number of certified emergency responders to be on site during every shift.

Safety culture – safety is everyone’s responsibility at Cameco. We ask all of our employees to consider the safety of themselves and others in everything thing they do. We reinforce this requirement with regular safety meetings, a system for reporting unsafe conditions and other tools.

Corrective action process – our robust corrective action process ensures that all incidents and near-misses are reported, tracked, investigated and shared with colleagues. If action is needed to address a defect or change behaviour, it’s captured and monitored until the issue is resolved. Findings related to serious or potentially serious incidents and near-misses are communicated across the company to share learning’s and prevent incidents.

Communication – operating sites and our corporate office communicate about health and safety and emergency preparedness through regularly scheduled safety and health teleconferences and SHEQ roundtable meetings.

Geotechnical modelling and ground control – computer modelling and monitoring helps us predict conditions that could be unsafe, and to plan our work to manage them. Ground control measures are used to stabilize our mining work areas to minimize the risk of incidents.

More about ground control

Ground control is an important safety consideration at every mine, but especially where the geology is challenging. Ground control is generally described as the design, installation and monitoring of rock stabilizing support. Engineers responsible for ground control have to understand how mining processes need to be adaptive to the variable rock properties, structural geology and the forces that affect ground stress (including groundwater).

Managing ground stability at our McArthur River and Cigar Lake mine sites is critical because the orebodies are in or near water-saturated sandstone formations where significant ground failure may lead to an uncontrolled water inflow.

Managing ground control risks

Training
- technical personnel with formal training in geology and rock mechanics
- supervision and operations personnel with site specific hazard awareness training
Planning
- new development and mining areas are subject to drilling and technical analysis to investigate geological conditions and identify appropriate measures to ensure safe mine design
- Risk assessment and risk ranking to ensure appropriate levels of control and oversight are applied to areas of potentially higher risk
- internal and third-party experts use computer modelling to assist with planning the safest approaches to mining our ore deposits and conduct independent reviews of our mining plans
Monitoring and site inspections
- carried out by our geology engineering and operations teams
- daily inspections of all active areas (including inspecting the headings at start of every round, usually three or four times per day)
- geological mapping to verify ground types and conditions are as expected
- weekly ground control inspection in all areas of the mine
- third-party inspections twice a year

Radiation safety – formal radiation protection programs are in place at Cameco operations that involve radiation risks. These programs meet standards outlined in our corporate radiation protection program and meet all regulatory requirements. We also set radiation targets for controlling existing radiation risks and reducing individual radiation doses.

Average radiation dose to workers at our operations is far below the annual limit of 50 mSv or 100 mSv over five years mandated by federal regulators in Canada. Our 2013 average dose is 0.72 mSv.

Managing risks to protect people

We use the following tactics to protect people in or near our facilities from radiation risks.

Facility design – decades of experience processing uranium and modern computer modelling tools help us predict exposures and design our facilities to protect the people who work there. This includes, among other things, using powerful ventilation systems in our underground mines to circulate fresh air.
Approach to work – we use remote mining methods, such as raise boring and jet boring, or remote equipment at our underground mines to maximize the distance between workers and radiation sources. We also control ground water through freezing and other techniques to minimize the entry of radon to work areas.
Air monitoring – we monitor radiation levels in our work areas continually to detect any significant changes and confirm working conditions are safe.
Limiting exposure – with time, distance and shielding
- time – limiting the duration of exposure to a radiation source reduces the dose you’ll receive from it.
- distance – radiation intensity decreases sharply with distance, so working further away from a source of radiation is safer than working near it.
- shielding – air or skin can be a sufficient barrier for low-energy alpha and beta radiation, but more significant barriers are needed to block more energetic radiation such as gamma rays and neutrons. Barriers made of lead, concrete or water are effective for this. There are special plastic shields that stop beta particles and air will stop most alpha particles.
Monitoring radiation levels – Because there are several sources of radiation exposure, each component needs to be assessed separately:
- gamma radiation – individual, personal dosimetry is the standard practice for measuring gamma radiation levels. We collect and review this data on a routine basis and report it quarterly and annually. We keep personal dosimetry records on file permanently.
- long-lived radioactive dust (LLRD) – the presence of LLRD in the air can be measured by the use of measuring devices placed in areas or worn by workers or by bioassay measurements. Information from monitoring devices can be converted to a dose by knowing the type of LLRD and the duration of the exposure. Bioassay data is another good method to assess the dose from LLRD because it measures the level of radionuclides actually in the body (lung counting) or excreted from the body (urine samples).
- radon progeny – air sampling is the only dosimetry option for radon progeny. At mine sites, we use area monitoring systems for above ground mining and milling facilities and personal monitoring for underground operations. At refining, conversion and fuel fabrication facilities, this is not a significant issue.
Tracking and reporting – monthly, quarterly and/or annual reporting to regulators and company management.

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