(a) |
Changes in Accounting Policies
Financial Instruments – Recognition and Measurement, Hedges and Comprehensive Income
On January 1, 2007, Cameco adopted the standards issued by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA) relating to financial instruments, hedges and other comprehensive income. In accordance with the new standards, prior periods have not been restated except for the new accounting policies affecting the cumulative translation account.
On January 1, 2007, Cameco recognized all of its financial assets and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets according to their classification. Any adjustment made to a previous carrying amount was recognized as an adjustment to the balance of retained earnings at that date or as the opening balance of AOCI, net of income taxes. Cameco has added two new statements to the consolidated financial statements entitled "Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity" and "Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income".
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
All financial assets and liabilities will be carried at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets, except for items classified in the following categories, which will be carried at amortized cost: loans and receivables, held-to-maturity securities and financial liabilities not held for trading. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on financial assets and liabilities that are held for trading will be recorded in the consolidated statements of earnings. Unrealized gains and losses on financial assets that are available for sale will be reported in OCI until realized, at which time they will be recorded in the consolidated statements of earnings. On transition, there was no impact to Cameco as the accounting was either unchanged or the area was not applicable at January 1, 2007.
Other significant accounting implications arising upon the adoption of the financial instrument standards includes the use of the effective interest method of amortization for any transaction costs or fees, premiums or discounts earned or incurred for financial instruments measured at amortized cost. On transition, there was no impact to Cameco on the amortization of these fees although applicable issue costs, which were previously recognized as deferred charges, were reclassified to their related financial liabilities. As a result, on transition Cameco recorded a net decrease in long-term receivables, investments and other of $7,372,000 and a decrease in long-term debt of $7,372,000.
Hedge Accounting and Derivatives
The purpose of hedging transactions is to modify Cameco's exposure to one or more risks by creating an offset between changes in the fair value of, or the cash flows attributable to, the hedged item and the hedging item. Hedge accounting ensures that the offsetting gains, losses, revenues and expenses are recognized to net earnings in the same period or periods. When hedge accounting is appropriate, the hedging relationship will be designated as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge, or a foreign currency risk hedge related to a net investment in a self-sustaining foreign operation.
At the inception of a hedging relationship, Cameco formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. The process includes linking all derivatives to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. Cameco also formally assesses, both at the inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items.
For fair value hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivatives and corresponding changes in fair value of the hedged items attributed to the risk being hedged will be recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings. For cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the changes in the fair values of the derivative instruments will be recorded in OCI until the hedged items are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings.
At January 1, 2007, Cameco did not have any fair value hedges or hedges of net investments in self-sustaining foreign operations. Upon adoption of the new standards, Cameco measured its cash flow hedges at fair value, which resulted in a decrease in other liabilities of $1,444,000 and an increase in AOCI of $1,444,000 pre-tax. Cameco also recognized an increase in long-term receivables, investments and other of $54,567,000 and an increase of $54,567,000 in AOCI pre-tax for BPLP's various energy and sales related cash flow hedges.
Derivatives may be embedded in other financial instruments (the "host instrument"). Prior to the adoption of the new standards, most embedded derivatives were not accounted for separately from the host instrument except in cases such as Cameco's unsecured convertible debentures where the fair value of the option component was reflected separately in contributed surplus. Under the new standards, embedded derivatives are treated as separate derivatives when their economic characteristics and risks are not clearly and closely related to those of the host instrument, the terms of the embedded derivative are the same as those of a stand-alone derivative, and the combined contract is not held for trading or designated at fair value. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with subsequent changes recognized in gains or losses on derivatives within interest and other on the consolidated statements of earnings.
Upon adoption of the new standards, Cameco recognized embedded foreign currency derivatives on certain of its uranium products sales contracts. As a result, Cameco recorded a net increase in long-term receivables, investments and other of $8,348,000 and an increase of $8,348,000 in retained earnings pre-tax at January 1, 2007.
Cumulative Translation Account
Prior to the adoption of the financial instrument standards at January 1, 2007, exchange gains and losses arising from the translation of the financial statements of a self-sustaining foreign operation were recorded in the cumulative translation account as a separate component of shareholders' equity. Upon adoption of the new standards, the exchange gains and losses are to be recognized in a separate component of other comprehensive income with restatement of prior periods. The effect of the change in policy is to adjust the opening balance of AOCI by $53,397,000 and eliminate the cumulative translation account.
The following table summarizes the opening adjustments, gross and net of future income taxes, required to adopt the new standards:
| |
Retained Earnings |
AOCI |
| |
Gross |
Net |
Gross |
Net |
| Cash flow hedges (net of $17,172 tax expense) |
$ |
– |
$ |
– |
$ |
56,011 |
$ |
38,839 |
| Recognition of embedded derivatives on sales contracts (net of $3,005 tax expense) |
|
8,348 |
|
5,343 |
|
– |
|
– |
| Totals |
$ |
8,348 |
$ |
5,343 |
$ |
56,011 |
$ |
38,839 |
|
(b) |
Future Changes in Accounting Policy
(i) Inventories
Effective January 1, 2008, Cameco will adopt the new Canadian standard, Handbook Section 3031, Inventories, which supersedes Handbook Section 3030 and converges with the International Accounting Standard Board's recently amended standard IAS 2, Inventories.
The standard introduces significant changes to the measurement and disclosure of inventory. The measurement changes include: the elimination of the last in first out method (LIFO), the requirement to measure inventories at the lower of cost and net realizable value, the allocation of overhead based on normal capacity, the use of the specific cost method for inventories that are not ordinarily interchangeable or goods and services produced for specific purposes, the requirement for an entity to use a consistent cost formula for inventory of a similar nature and use, and the reversal of previous write-downs to net realizable value when there is a subsequent increase in the value of inventories. Disclosures of inventories have also been enhanced. Inventory policies, carrying amounts, amounts recognized as an expense, write-downs and the reversals of write-downs are required to be disclosed.
The adoption of this new standard is not expected to have a material impact on Cameco's consolidated financial statements.
(ii) Financial Instruments – Disclosure and Presentation
Effective January 1, 2008, Cameco will adopt two new Canadian standards: Handbook Section 3862, Financial Instruments – Disclosures and Handbook Section 3863, Financial Instruments – Presentation. These sections replace Handbook Section 3861, Financial Instruments – Disclosures and Presentation, and enhance the users' ability to evaluate the significance of financial instruments to an entity, related exposures and the management of these risks.
(iii) Capital Disclosures
Effective January 1, 2008, Cameco will adopt the new Canadian standard, Handbook Section 1535, Capital Disclosures. This section establishes standards for disclosure of both qualitative and quantitative information that enable users to evaluate the company's objectives, policies and processes for managing capital.
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