For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
($Cdn thousands except per share amounts and as noted)
(a) |
Consolidation PrinciplesThe consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cameco and its subsidiaries. Interests in joint ventures are accounted for by the proportionate consolidation method. Under this method, Cameco includes in its accounts its proportionate share of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The consolidated financial statements are prepared by management in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles. Management makes various estimates and assumptions in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses for each year presented, and in the disclosure of commitments and contingencies. The most significant estimates are related to the lives and recoverability of mineral properties, provisions for decommissioning and reclamation of assets, future income taxes, financial instruments and mineral reserves. Actual results could differ from these estimates. This summary of significant accounting policies is a description of the accounting methods and practices that have been used in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements and is presented to assist the reader in interpreting the statements contained herein. |
(b) |
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents consists of balances with financial institutions and investments in money market instruments, which have a term to maturity of three months or less at time of purchase. |
(c) |
InventoriesInventories of broken ore, uranium concentrates, refined and converted products and gold are valued at the lower of average cost and net realizable value. Average cost includes direct materials, direct labour, operational overhead expenses and depreciation, depletion and reclamation. |
(d) |
SuppliesConsumable supplies and spares are valued at the lower of cost or replacement value. |
(e) |
InvestmentsInvestments in associated companies over which Cameco has the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for by the equity method. Under this method, Cameco includes in earnings its share of earnings or losses of the associated company. Prior to January 1, 2007, portfolio investments were carried at cost or at cost less amounts written off to reflect a decline in value that was other than temporary. Effective January 1, 2007, portfolio investments were classified as available for sale and are carried at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets with unrealized gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income until realized, at which time they are recorded in the consolidated statement of earnings. |
(f) |
Property, Plant and EquipmentAssets are carried at cost. Costs of additions and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or sold, the resulting gains or losses are reflected in current earnings. Maintenance and repair expenditures are charged to cost of production. The decision to develop a mine property within a project area is based on an assessment of the commercial viability of the property, the availability of financing and the existence of markets for the product. Once the decision to proceed to development is made, development and other expenditures relating to the project area are deferred and carried at cost with the intention that these will be depleted by charges against earnings from future mining operations. No depreciation or depletion is charged against the property until commercial production commences. After a mine property has been brought into commercial production, costs of any additional work on that property are expensed as incurred, except for large development programs, which will be deferred and depleted over the remaining life of the related assets. The carrying values of non-producing properties are periodically assessed by management and if management determines that the carrying values cannot be recovered, the unrecoverable amounts are written off against current earnings. Cameco reviews the carrying values of its property, plant and equipment when changes in circumstances indicate that those carrying values may not be recoverable. Estimated future net cash flows are calculated using estimated recoverable reserves, estimated future commodity prices and the expected future operating and capital costs. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying value of an asset held for use exceeds the sum of undiscounted future net cash flows. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Interest is capitalized on expenditures related to development projects actively being prepared for their intended use. Capitalization is discontinued when the asset enters commercial operation or development ceases. Fuel services assets, mine buildings, equipment and mineral properties are depreciated or depleted according to the unit-of-production method. This method allocates the costs of these assets to each accounting period. For fuel services, the amount of depreciation is measured by the portion of the facilities' total estimated lifetime production that is produced in that period. For mining, the amount of depreciation or depletion is measured by the portion of the mines' proven and probable reserves which are recovered during the period. Nuclear generating plants are depreciated according to the straight-line method based on the lower of useful life and remaining lease term. Other assets are depreciated according to the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives, which generally range from three to 10 years. |
(g) |
Intangible Assets and GoodwillIntangible assets acquired in a business combination are recorded at their fair values. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over the estimated production profile of the business unit to which they relate. The carrying values of intangible assets are periodically assessed by management and if management determines that the carrying values cannot be recovered, the unrecoverable amount is charged to earnings in the current period. Acquisitions are accounted for using the purchase method whereby acquired assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value as of the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over such fair value is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is assigned to assets and is not amortized. Cameco tests goodwill for possible impairment on an annual basis and at any other time if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. |
(h) |
Future Income TaxesFuture income taxes are recognized for the future income tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. Future income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted or substantively enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on future income tax assets and liabilities of a change in rates is included in earnings in the period, which includes the enactment date. Future income tax assets are recorded in the financial statements if realization is considered more likely than not. |
(i) |
Research and Development and Exploration CostsExpenditures for research and technology related to the products, processes and expenditures for geological exploration programs are charged against earnings as incurred. |
(j) |
Environmental Protection and Reclamation CostsThe fair value of the liability for an asset retirement obligation is recognized in the period incurred. The fair value, discounted using the company's credit adjusted risk free rate, is added to the carrying amount of the associated asset and depreciated over the asset's useful life. The liability is accreted over time, using the company's credit adjusted risk free rate, through periodic charges to earnings and it is reduced by actual costs of decommissioning and reclamation. Cameco's estimates of reclamation costs could change as a result of changes in regulatory requirements, reclamation plans, cost estimates and timing of estimated expenditures. Costs related to ongoing environmental programs are charged against earnings as incurred. |
(k) |
Employee Future BenefitsCameco accrues its obligations under employee benefit plans. The cost of pensions and other retirement benefits earned by employees is actuarially determined using the projected benefit method pro-rated on service and management's best estimate of expected plan investment performance, salary escalation, retirement ages of employees and expected health care costs. For the purpose of calculating the expected return on plan assets, those assets are measured at fair value. Cameco measures the plan assets and the accrued benefit obligations on December 31 each year. On both the Cameco-specific and BPLP-specific defined benefit pension plans, past service costs arising from plan amendments are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected average remaining service life of the plan participants. Net actuarial gains, which exceed 10% of the greater of the accrued benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets, are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected average remaining service life of the plan participants. On the Cameco-specific retirement benefit plans that do not vest or accumulate, past service costs arising from plan amendments, and net actuarial gains and losses, are recognized in the period they arise. Conversely, the BPLP-specific amounts are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected average remaining service life of the plan participants. |
(l) |
Stock-Based CompensationCameco has five stock-based compensation plans that are described in note 21. These encompass a stock option plan, an employee share ownership plan, a performance share unit plan, a deferred share unit plan and a phantom stock option plan. In calculating compensation expense, Cameco includes an estimate for forfeitures that is based on historic trends. Prior to July 27, 2007, options granted under the stock option plan on or after January 1, 2003 were accounted for using the fair value method. Under this method, the compensation cost of options granted was measured at estimated fair value at the grant date and recognized over the shorter of, the period to eligible retirement, or the vesting period. For options granted prior to January 1, 2003, no compensation expense was recognized when the stock options were granted. Any consideration received on exercise of stock options was credited to share capital. Effective July 27, 2007, options granted under the stock option plan are accounted for as liabilities and are carried at their intrinsic value. The intrinsic value of the liability is marked to market each period and is amortized to expense over the shorter of, the period to eligible retirement, or the vesting period. Deferred share units, performance share units and phantom stock options are amortized over their vesting periods and re-measured at each reporting period, until settlement, using the quoted market value. Cameco's contributions under the employee share ownership plan are expensed during the year of contribution. Shares purchased with company contributions and with dividends paid on such shares, become unrestricted on January 1 of the second plan year following the date on which such shares were purchased. |
(m) |
Revenue RecognitionCameco supplies uranium concentrates and uranium conversion services to utility customers. Cameco recognizes revenue on the sale of its nuclear products when evidenced by a contract that indicates the product, pricing and delivery terms, delivery occurs, the related revenue is fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured. Cameco has three types of sales arrangements with its customers in its uranium and fuel services businesses. These arrangements include uranium supply, toll conversion services and conversion supply (converted uranium), which is a combination of uranium supply and toll conversion services. Uranium SupplyIn a uranium supply arrangement, Cameco is contractually obligated to provide uranium concentrates to its customers. Cameco-owned uranium is physically delivered to conversion facilities (Converters) where the Converter will credit Cameco's account for the volume of accepted uranium. Based on delivery terms in a sales contract with its customer, Cameco instructs the Converter to transfer title of a contractually-specified quantity of uranium to the customer's account at the Converter's facility. At this point, Cameco invoices the customer and recognizes revenue for the uranium supply. Toll Conversion ServicesIn a toll conversion arrangement, Cameco is contractually obligated to convert customer-owned uranium to a chemical state suitable for enrichment. The customer delivers uranium to Cameco's conversion facilities. Once conversion is complete, Cameco physically delivers converted uranium to enrichment facilities (Enrichers) where the Enricher will credit Cameco's account for the volume of accepted processed uranium. Based on delivery terms in a sales contract with its customer, Cameco instructs the Enricher to transfer title of a contractually-specified quantity of converted uranium to the customer's account at the Enricher's facility. At this point, Cameco invoices the customer and recognizes revenue for the toll conversion services. Conversion SupplyIn a conversion supply arrangement, Cameco is contractually obligated to provide uranium concentrates and conversion services to its customers. Cameco-owned uranium is converted and physically delivered to an Enricher as described in the toll conversion services arrangement. Based on delivery terms in a sales contract with its customer, Cameco instructs the Enricher to transfer title of a contractually-specified quantity of converted uranium to the customer's account at the Enricher's facility. At this point, Cameco invoices the customer and recognizes revenue for both the uranium supplied and the conversion service provided. It is rare for Cameco to enter into back-to-back arrangements for uranium supply and toll conversion services. However, in the event that a customer requires such an arrangement, revenue from uranium supply is deferred until the toll conversion service has been rendered. Revenue from deliveries to counterparties with whom Cameco has arranged a standby product loan facility (up to the limit of the loan facilities) and the related cost of sales are deferred until the loan arrangements have been terminated, or if drawn upon, when the loans are repaid and that portion of the facility is terminated. Cameco records revenue on the sale of gold when title passes and delivery is effected. Electricity sales are recognized at the time of generation, and delivery to the purchasing utility is metered at the point of interconnection with the transmission system. Revenues are recognized on an accrual basis, which includes an estimate of the value of electricity produced during the period but not yet billed. |
(n) |
Amortization of Financing CostsPrior to January 1, 2007, debt discounts and issue expenses associated with long-term financing were deferred and amortized over the term of the issues to which they related and were classified as deferred charges. Effective January 1, 2007, for financial instruments measured at amortized cost, the effective interest method of amortization is used for any debt discounts and issue expenses. The costs are now classified with their related financial liability. |
(o) |
Foreign Currency TranslationMonetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into Canadian dollars at year-end rates of exchange. Revenue and expense transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into Canadian dollars at rates in effect at the time of the transactions. The applicable exchange gains and losses arising on these transactions are reflected in earnings. The United States dollar is considered the functional currency of most of Cameco's uranium and gold operations outside of Canada. The financial statements of these operations are translated into Canadian dollars using the current rate method whereby all assets and liabilities are translated at the year-end rate of exchange and all revenue and expense items are translated at the average rate of exchange prevailing during the year. Exchange gains and losses arising from this translation, representing the net unrealized foreign currency translation gain (loss) on Cameco's net investment in these foreign operations, are recorded in the foreign currency translation adjustments component of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). Exchange gains or losses arising from the translation of foreign debt designated as hedges of a net investment in foreign operations are also recorded in the foreign currency translation adjustments component of accumulated other comprehensive income. These adjustments are not included in earnings until realized through a reduction in Cameco's net investment in such operations. |
(p) |
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging TransactionsPrior to January 1, 2007, Cameco's policy was to use derivative financial and commodity instruments to reduce exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. Cameco formally documented all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process included linking all derivatives to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. Cameco also formally assessed, both at the hedge's inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that were used in hedging transactions were highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items. Gains and losses related to hedging items were deferred and recognized in the same period as the corresponding hedged items. If derivative financial instruments were closed before planned delivery, gains or losses were recorded as deferred gains or deferred charges and recognized on the planned delivery date. In the event a hedged item was sold, extinguished or matured prior to the termination of the related hedging instrument, any realized or unrealized gain or loss on such derivative instrument was recognized in earnings. BPLP uses various energy and related sales contracts to reduce exposure to fluctuations in the price of electricity in Ontario. Prior to January 1, 2007, gains or losses on hedging instruments were recognized in earnings over the term of the contract when the underlying hedged transactions occurred. All energy contracts were designated as hedges of BPLP's electricity sales. Effective January 1, 2007, Cameco's policy is in accordance with note 3(a). When hedge accounting criteria are met, derivative contracts are accounted for as described in note 3(a). When hedge accounting criteria are not met, the derivative contracts which do not qualify for hedge accounting are marked-to-market and the resulting net gains or losses are recognized in interest and other in the consolidated statements of earnings. |
(q) |
Earnings Per ShareEarnings per share are calculated using the weighted average number of paid common shares outstanding. The calculation of diluted earnings per share assumes that outstanding options and warrants, which are dilutive to earnings per share are exercised and the proceeds are used to repurchase shares of the company at the average market price of the shares for the period. The effect is to increase the number of shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share. |